Analysis and Design of Cable Stayed Bridge Essays

Investigation and Design of Cable Stayed Bridge Essays Investigation and Design of Cable Stayed Bridge Essay Investigation and Design of Cable Stayed Bridge Essay Of the recently fabricated Bridgess, link stayed Bridgess are today extremely normal worldwide for ranges runing somewhere in the range of 200 and 900 meters. An abroad wire stayed range has at least one towers ( Pylons ) from which the abroad wires bolster the deck. This paper gives displaying, investigation and plan of a prestressed harp type singular arch abroad wire stayed range using MIDAS Civil. Watchwords: abroad wire stayed, box support, prestressing, MIDAS Civil Introduction Of the recently assembled Bridgess, link stayed Bridgess are today extremely basic worldwide for ranges runing somewhere in the range of 200 and 900 meters. An abroad wire stayed range has at least one towers ( Pylons ) from which the abroad messages bolster the deck. There are two significant classes of link stayed Bridgess: harp and fan.In the harp structure, the abroad wires are about equal with the goal that the stature of their affectionate respect to the pinnacle is like the good ways from the pinnacle to their hop on the deck.In the fan plan, the abroad wires all interface with or base on balls over the highest point of the towers. The link stayed range is ideal for ranges longer than cantilever Bridgess, and shorter than suspension Bridgess. This is the degree where cantilever Bridgess would rapidly go heavier if the range was protracted, and suspension length broadcasting would non be progressively affordable if the range was abbreviated Cable-stayed Bridgess may appear to be like suspension Bridgess, however in reality they are fairly unique in rule and in their structure. In suspension Bridgess, large boss abroad wires ( typically 2 ) twisted between the towers ( generally 2 ) , and are tied down at every terminal to the land though in the link stayed length, the towers are the essential supporting developments which transmitt the range burdens to the land. A cantilever assault is much of the time used to back up the range deck close to the towers, however lengths farther from them are bolstered by abroad wires running directly to the towers. General introduction of the development The range is an individual arch abroad message stayed length holding a harp-type understanding of the abroad wires. The whole length of the abroad message stayed range is 700m with a main range of 350m. The range development conveys 6 course paths partitioned into 2 carriageways. The deck comprises of players in topographic point prestressed box braces Whole expansiveness of the range is 29.8m. Development system The boss 350 m range will be constructed using the cantilever technique, get bringing down from the wharfs P4 A ; P5 simultaneously. The two cantilevers will be associated at mid range by the mean of a fasten segment. The decent cantilevers are thrown by areas of 3.5 m long, using a signifier voyager. The area ( n ) is associated with old segment ( n-1 ) by ligaments ( interior pre-focusing on ) . This strategy is utilized for the initial 10 areas from arch. After eleventh area, no cantilever ligament is required as the segments will be bolstered by remain abroad messages tensioned progressively with working of areas. Henceforth constructing musicality of areas after eleventh one incorporates introducing and tensioning of remain abroad wire before remotion and propelling of signifier explorer. Material highlights: Concrete: M50 grade solid will be utilized for deck and arches. M50 grade solid will be utilized for Piers. Concrete belongingss will be founded on AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Youthful modulus according to IRC codification is given in the accompanying plain exhibit ( IRC:21  § 303.1. ) : Shear modulus of solid, G, is determined using the undermentioned condition: E= Ec/2 ( 1+? ) The coefficient of thermic extension and withdrawal for typical weight concrete is taken as 1.17?10-5/ °C. Thickness of the pre-focused on concrete is taken equivalent to 25 KN/m3. Steel support: Thermo-precisely rewarded help bars of class 414 complying with IS:1786 will be embraced. Yielding quality of inert steel support is viewed as equivalent to 414 MPa and Young modulus equivalent to 200 000 Mpa. Measured proportion among cement and steel will be taken equivalent to 10. Dead tonss: oneself weight is determined assuming a thickness of 25 KN/m3 for fortified and prestressed concrete. A thickness of 7.85 t/m3 is to be considered for steel. Live Tonss: Traffic live loads-The unrecorded tonss are in similarity with IRC:6-2000. The range has two carriageways of three paths each and of 11 m broadness. Every carriageway will be stacked with three paths of IRC classification A weight. Person on foot unrecorded weight ( PLL ) The pes way filling will be according to provision 209 of IRC:6 with quality of replenishing equivalent to 500 kg/m? . Wind trouble for abroad wire stayed range: Harmonizing to IS:875 ( partition 3 ) - 1987 Wind stacks on unrecorded tonss ( WL ) The sidelong air current power against voyaging unrecorded tonss will be considered as moving at 1.5 m over the roadway and will be accepted equivalent to 300 kg/m. Creep and Shrinkage ( C A ; S ) Creep and contracting impacts to be considered according to CEB-FIP codification for abroad message stayed length Earthquake tonss Rajasthan is situated in seismal zone II. The flat seismal coefficient in longitudinal manner will be determined by IS 1893:2002 Construction tonss: Normal opposite burdens A structure weight of 50 kg/m2 will be considered during cantilever hard-on. Weight of the explorer signifier is thought to be equivalent to 85 dozenss. An effect of 10 % will be considered for the voyaging bui lding tonss. MIDAS MODEL of box: ( Half range ) AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications ( Third Edition, 2005 Interim Revisions ) ; AASHTO †Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design ( second release †2000 ) ; AASHTO †Guide Specifications for Design A ; Construction of Segmental Concrete Bridges ( 1999 ) ; IRC:6-2000 Standard Specifications A ; Code of Practice for Road Bridges, Section II, Loads A ; emphasiss ( fourth version †2000 ) ; for meaning of the unrecorded tonss and quake tonss simply ; IS:875 ( divide 3 ) - 1987 Code of example for structure tonss ( other than earthquake ) for buildings and developments ; for air current loads only ; Necessities of Bridge innovation by D.Johnson Victor Scaffold Engineering Handbook Edited by Wai-Fah Chen, Lian Duan, CRC Press

Ethical Consumption of Cell Phones Essay Example for Free

Moral Consumption of Cell Phones Essay 1. Presentation In only 30 years, versatile communication has developed into a significant worldwide industry, with an expected 5 billion clients around the globe, contrasted and an all out total populace of around 7 billion individuals. While new endorser development has eased back to some degree as of late, item turnover stays high, with more than 1 billion new cell phones sent in 2009 alone. This paper right off the bat looks at the existence pattern of a mobile phone, depicting its phases from the extraction of the materials to its removal or re-use prospects. It additionally examined the moral issues that sway nature and society. In conclusion, two wireless makes (Apple and Nokia) are being looked at as far as how they manage ecological effects. 2. LIFE CYCLE OF A CELL PHONE Stage One: Extraction of Materials Mobile telephones by and large involve roughly 40% metals and 40% plastics, with the rest of up of glass, fired and different various materials. The pieces of a mobile phone incorporate the circuit board, the fluid precious stone showcase (LCD) and the battery-powered battery. The circuit board, which controls the entirety of the telephones capacities, comprises of copper, gold, silver, lead, nickel, tin, coltan, and zinc. The LCD, which is a level board show where all the data and pictures show up, is made of glass or plastic. Batteries power the mobile phone and, contingent upon the sort of battery, may contain nickel, cobalt, zinc, cadmium and copper. A significant number of these materials are alleged constant toxins† that stay in the earth for an extensive stretch of time, considerably after removal. Besides, a significant life cycle thought is the vitality required to separate metals from their individual minerals. From a vitality viewpo int, valuable metals gold and silver and surpass the effect of copper. What's more, the vitality substance of glass likewise has a huge vitality impression, because of the high soften temperatures that are required during assembling. Stage Two: Materials Processing Raw materials that go into making mobile phones should initially be prepared before producers can utilize them. For instance, to make the plastic packaging, raw petroleum should be joined with flammable gas and synthetic compounds. The copper used to make the circuit board and batteries must be mined from the beginning, and treated with synthetic compounds and power before it tends to be shaped into wires and sheets. Stage Three: Manufacturing The individual pieces of a mobile phone each experience an assembling procedure. The circuit board is molded utilizing plastics and fiberglass and afterward covered with gold plating. The circuits and wires of the circuit board are welded, stuck and covered. The LCD is made with fluid precious stones layered between glass or plastic. These layers incorporate two spellbound boards, with a fluid precious stone arrangement between them. Light is anticipated through the layer of fluid gems and is colorized, which creates the noticeable picture. Batteries have two anodes (both produced using an alternate metal) and every cathode is moved by a fluid material called electrolytes. At the point when an outlet or another outside electrical source is applied, a substance response between the terminals and the electrolytes makes an electric flow stream and powers the battery. Stage Four: Packaging and Transportation The transportation procedure and bundling of mobile phones is viewed as destructive to the earth. Shipping phones for dissemination requires the utilization of petroleum products for vitality, which can add to worldwide environmental change. While bundling shields items from harm, distinguishes substance, and gives data, over the top or enriching bundling adds to the waste that we produce. Bundling devours significant characteristic assets, for example, paper (from trees), plastic (from raw petroleum in the earth), aluminum (from mineral), or different materials, all of which use vitality to create and can bring about waste. Some bundling, be that as it may, can be produced using reused materials. Stage Five: Useful Life You can expand the utilization of your phone by accepting great consideration of it as in shielding it from harm by putting away it for a situation, abstaining from dropping it, and keeping it out of extraordinary warmth and cold and away from water and different fluids. Nonetheless, the materials that are utilized to make PDAs can possibly harm nature and damage individuals. Subsequently, it is essential to reuse, reuse or appropriately arrange mobile phones. Reuse: Many associations, including recyclers, good cause, and hardware producers, acknowledge working PDAs and offer them to schools, network associations, and people out of luck. Reuse gives individuals, who couldn't in any case manage the cost of them, free or decreased cost access to new telephones and this additionally expands the helpful lifetime of a telephone. Reuse: Nowadays, numerous stores, producers, and reusing focuses acknowledge phones for reusing. Some mobile phones can be fixed and sold as restored telephones, or parts can be utilized to fix telephones. Some battery-powered batteries can likewise be reused, as along these lines the recouped materials can be utilized to make new batteries and tempered steel items. Removal: However, about 40% of mobile phones cannot be sold as repaired PDAs. These phones are destroyed just as purified at a copper purifier. Numerous metals really return to their characteristic state. This procedure recharges some common assets and it is called over the ground mining. All things considered, numerous mobile phones are basically tossed in the rubbish and end up in landfills (covered in the ground) or incinerators (consumed). Since mobile phones contain metals, plastics, synthetic concoctions, and other possibly unsafe substances, they ought to consistently be reused or appropriately arranged. Telephones that are discarded squander vitality and result in the loss of significant assets. This figure shows the phone reusing rate from 2007 to 2010 in the United Stated. Despite the fact that deals were the most elevated in 2010, the reusing rate didn't compare to the deals. 3. Moral ISSUES 1. Vitality Conservation The amount of cell phone utilization expands any ecological effect of this item. Life-cycle investigation directed by the European Commission shows that vitality utilization is the best effect, both during assembling of segments and during their use. Nokia assessed that if 10% of overall endorsers would unplug their chargers once their telephone is completely energized, the vitality spared could to flexibly 60,000 European homes for one year. Issues like wastage of vitality due to cheating or potentially mobiles left unplugged much subsequent to being completely energized should be tended to additional. 2. Abuse Illegal Trading The material utilized in the assembling of the cell phones is coltan, a warmth safe material found in the Republic of Congo. In the Coltan, mines there are kids that need to work as opposed to going to class and numerous legitimate organizations purchase this mineral. Organizations need to depend on material gave by dubious conditions. What is Coltan? Coltan, short for columbite-tantalite is a metallic metal including niobium and tantalum. The niobium-prevailing mineral in coltan is columbite, and the tantalum-predominant mineral is tantalite. Niobium, whose driving maker in Brazil, is for the most part found in the mineral pyrochlore while tantalum is separated from the metal, tantalite and is made by purifying and tin mining in certain spots. Tantalum mineral is basically mined in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Democratic Republic of Congo, China, Ethiopia, Mozambique and other focal African nations. Coltan is significant for assembling PDAs since it is in the capacitors that control current stream in the mobile phones circuit board. At the point when refined, coltan turns into a warmth safe powder, metallic tantalum which has extraordinary properties for putting away electrical charge. Mining Coltan In the Coltan is mined by submit the Congo by gatherings of men delving bowls in streams by rejecting off the surface mud. They at that point slosh the water around the pit, which makes the Coltan metal settle at the base of the cavity where it is recovered by the diggers. A group can mine one kilo of Coltan for each day. The vast majority of these excavators are kids which are exposed to extraordinary conditions. In this manner, mindfulness must be brought to these awful working conditions by which these youngster laborers are influenced. Coltan financing war An ongoing report by the UN hosts asserted that all the gatherings engaged with the nearby affable war have been associated with the mining and offer of Coltan. One report recommended that the neighboring Rwandan armed force made US$250 million from selling Coltan in under year and a half, in spite of there being no Coltan in Rwanda to mine. The military powers of Uganda and Burundi are likewise ensnared in sneaking Coltan out of Congo for resale in Belgium. A report to the United Nations Security Council has required a ban on buy and import of assets from the Democratic Republic of Congo, because of the continuous common war that has hauled in the encompassing nations. 3. Toxics Waste removal Environmental Impact Steady Bio aggregate poisons Persistent Bio collective poisons (PBTs) PBTs are especially hazardous in light of the fact that they don't corrupt over significant stretches of time, and can without much of a stretch spread and move between air, water, and soil, bringing about the gathering of poisons a long way from the first point wellspring of contamination. Since PBTs collect in greasy issue of people and creatures, the poisons are steadily focused and are of incredible hazard. Phone batteries Battery-powered batteries are quickly changing as mechanical advances improve new force sources. Effectively 60% of battery-powered Batteries sold overall are utilized in mobile phones. Notwithstanding, battery-powered at present have poisonous constituents, for example, cadmium, just as brominated fire retardants. The all out natural effect from PDA batteries relies upon a batteries material creation just as on the time mobile phones are utilized bef

Nicotine Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help

Nicotine Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal Print What to Know About Nicotine Use By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 01, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on September 01, 2019 Joegend/ Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Does Nicotine Do? Common Side Effects Signs of Use Myths & Common Questions Addiction & Withdrawal How to Get Help View All Back To Top Nicotine, a stimulant found in tobacco plants, is one of the most heavily used drugs in the United Statesâ€"and its just as addictive as cocaine or heroin, according to the surgeon general. Nicotine products are regulated by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA). While nicotine is legal, it is illegal to sell or distribute nicotine-containing products to people under 18. Cigarette smoking is the primary source of nicotine, with one pack of cigarettes providing some 250 hits of the extremely addictive substance. Fewer people over the age of 18 are smoking today than ever before, but it still remains the most preventable cause of death in the United States accounting for 480,000 deaths annually. Estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for 2017 indicate that 14% of the U.S. adult population smoke cigarettes.?? Also Known As: Nicotine products include cigarettes (also known as smokes), pipes, cigars (sometimes referred to as stogies), chewing tobacco (also known as dip or chew), snuff, hookahs, and e-cigarettes (also known as e-cigs and vapes). Drug Class: Nicotine is classified as a stimulant. Common Side Effects: Nicotine is known to cause decreased appetite, heightened mood, increased heart rate and blood pressure, nausea, diarrhea, better memory, and increased alertness. How to Recognize Nicotine Nicotine is rarely sold as a singular product, rather its most often found as an ingredient in tobacco products like cigarettes and some smoking cessation products like nicotine gum and patches. Nicotine is sold as a liquid for use in e-cigarettes.The FDA requires warning statement labels on tobacco products: “WARNING: This product contains  nicotine.  Nicotine  is an addictive chemical.” What Does Nicotine Do? When a person inhales cigarette smoke, the nicotine in the smoke is rapidly absorbed into the blood and starts affecting the brain within 10 seconds. Once there, nicotine triggers a number of chemical reactions that create temporary feelings of pleasure and concentration. But these sensations are short-lived, subsiding within minutes. These chemical reactions include the release of catecholamines such as adrenaline, the fight or flight hormone. Physically, adrenaline increases heart rate and blood pressure. When this occurs, smokers may experience rapid, shallow breathing and the feeling of a racing heartbeat. Adrenaline also tells the body to dump excess glucose into the bloodstream. Nicotine also curbs appetite and may contribute to weight loss in complex ways. What the Experts Say Many researchers are beginning to question whether nicotine is any more harmful than a daily dose of caffeine. To date, there have been studies showing positive effects of nicotine, including decreased tension and increased thinking, as well as the stimulants potential in warding off cognitive decline into Alzheimers, delaying the progression of Parkinsons disease, and as a therapeutic approach for ADHD and schizophrenia. Still, health professionals continue to warn about the dangers of nicotine, especially when used by adolescents whose brains are still developing (until age 25). Nicotine impacts the parts of the brain that play a role in attention, memory, learning, and brain plasticity. While cigarette smoking is on the decline, vaping and e-cigarettes are on the rise. The American Academy of Pediatrics warns that “e-cigarettes are threatening to addict a new generation to nicotine” and recommends increasing the minimum age to purchase e-cigarettes to 21 nationwide.  ?? Off-Label and Approved Uses Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was  the first pharmacological treatment approved by the FDA for smoking cessation. In fact, studies show that using the nicotine patch can double the rate of a persons smoking cessation success, especially when combined with support. There are a variety of available NRT products, including: Nicotine patchNicotine gumNicotine nasal sprayNicotine inhalerNicotine lozenges Pros and Cons of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Common Side Effects Nicotine causes a range of effects on both the body and mind, including: Decreased appetiteHeightened moodIncreased activity in the intestinesIncreased production of saliva and phlegmIncreased heart rateIncreased blood pressureSweatingNauseaDiarrheaBetter memoryIncreased alertness Signs of Use If your loved one is smoking cigarettes, you’ll likely be able to smell it on them. Detecting vaping can be a bit more difficultâ€"but there are still some signs of use: Devices: E-cigarettes or vape pens can look like a thumb drive, pen, or stylus, with holes on each end.Irritability: This is a classic sign of withdrawal.Sweet smells: Vapor juice is often flavored, so if you suddenly catch a whiff of fruit punch or bubble gum (and there’s no candy around) it could be a red flag.Nosebleeds: Vaping can dry out the nasal passages and cause nose bleeds.Drinking more liquids: The vaporized liquid in e-cigs contains propylene glycol, which attracts and holds water molecules from the mouth, causing constant dry mouth. Can You Overdose on Nicotine? Nicotine is poisonous and overdose is possible, though not common. Most often, nicotine poisoning occurs when children mistake nicotine gum or lozenges for candy.If you or someone you care about experiences the following signs of nicotine overdose, call 911 or poison control (800-222-1222) immediately:Difficulty breathingVomitingFaintingHeadacheWeaknessIncreased or decreased heart rate Myths Common Questions Many people think that nicotine causes cancerâ€"but the jury is still out. Nicotine is certainly a harmful, addictive substance but it is mainly the tar and the other toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke that cause cancer. Research does suggest that nicotine can increase the risk of cancer due to its damaging effects on DNA, although the risk is much lower than those from smoking cigarettes.  A study by the National Cancer Institute found that those who were most addicted to nicotineâ€"smoking a cigarette within five minutes of waking upâ€"had the greatest risk of developing lung cancer. Another myth is that you can get hooked on the nicotine in smoking cessation products like the patch or nicotine gum or lozenges. While possible, most people find it easy to get off nicotine medicine after several months. In general, these products deliver nicotine to your body more slowly.   Many teens think that using e-cigarettes is safer, however, they still contain high levels of nicotine. The brand JUUL packs perhaps the most potent dose: one pod contains roughly 20 cigarettes worth of nicotine and the product claims to deliver the addictive substance 2.7 times faster than other e-cigarettes.?? Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal Nicotine is extremely addictive and, when used regularly, your body and mind learn to expect a certain amount of nicotine each dayâ€"and if it doesnt get it, withdrawal can be intense. You can quickly build a tolerance to nicotine, needing more to reach the desired effect. This is one reason why its so hard (but not impossible) to quit smoking. How Long Does Nicotine Stay in Your System? Nicotine (in the form of a cigarette, pipe, or e-cigarette smoke) is mostly absorbed into the body through the lungs as well as the membranes in the mouth and throat. It can also be absorbed in your gastrointestinal tract (via chewing tobacco, nicotine gum, and lozenges) or your skin if you use a nicotine patch. Nicotine is mainly metabolized in the liver and is excreted via urine through the kidneys as well as in feces. How long it stays in your system depends on many factors, including age, weight, type, frequency of use, and hydration and physical activity levels. That said, the estimated timeframe is as follows: Urine test: Two to four daysBlood test: Two to four daysSaliva test: One to four daysHair follicle test: Up to 90 days Many routine drug tests screen for nicotine. How Long Nicotine Stays in Your System Addiction Nicotine is a highly addictive substance thats found in all tobacco products, including cigarettes, pipes, cigars, chewing tobacco, snuff, hookahs, e-cigarettes, and other vaping devices. Nicotine activates the same reward pathways in the brain that other drugs such as cocaine or amphetamines do, although to a lesser degree. Research has shown that nicotine increases the level of dopamine in the brain, a neurotransmitter that is responsible for feelings of pleasure and well-being.?? The Truth About Smoking Pleasure and Nicotine Addiction Withdrawal As the nicotine level drops in the blood, people may feel edgy and agitatedâ€"the start of nicotine withdrawal. The acute effects of nicotine wear off within minutes, so people who smoke must continue dosing themselves frequently throughout the day to maintain the pleasurable effects of nicotine and to prevent nicotine withdrawal, which causes a host of physical and psychological symptoms: Cravings to smokeIrritability, crankinessInsomniaFatigueInability to concentrateHeadacheCoughSore throatConstipation, gas, stomach painDry mouthSore tongue and/or gumsPostnasal dripTightness in the chest 7 Tips for Surviving Nicotine Withdrawal How to Get Help Statistics show that only a small percentage (approximately 7%) of people who try to quit smoking without support are still smoke-free a year later. However, those with a quit program in place that includes education about nicotine addiction and a solid support group, do much better. Whether you prefer to quit cold turkey or choose to use a quit aid to help you stop smoking, its important to recognize that recovery from nicotine addiction is a process of gradual release over time. Quitting nicotine doesnt happen overnight, but with perseverance, freedom from nicotine addiction is doable and will pay you back with benefits that go well beyond what you can probably imagine. Quit Smoking and Make It Stick!

Impact of Us Aid on Pakistan Economy - 9402 Words

â€Å"Impact of United States Aid on Pakistan Economy† A thesis Presented to The faculty of Management Sciences Bahria Institute of Management amp;Computer Sciences, Karachi In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master in Business Administration Abstract This research paper analyzes the effects of United States aid on the economic growth of Pakistan. The study uses annual data of last ten year for the period 2002-2012. The research study is conduct to check weather united state aid has any impact of positive or negative on Pakistan economy. This hypothesis was tested using panel data series through finance/Statics software SPSS. The role of US aid in promoting economic growth is a debatable issue and remains unsettled at†¦show more content†¦Major internal problem are poverty and crime, andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Textile Industry And Company Analysis1175 Words   |  5 Pages ECONOMY, INDUSTRY AND COMPANY ANALYSIS MUZZAMAL IRFAN MC130202491 VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY OF PAKISTAN 20 November 2014 â€Æ' SCANNED COPY OF JCLâ€Æ' SECTION Iâ€Æ' CHAPTER 1: 1.1. Introduction of the project Mark Andrew Skousen an American Economist states that, â€Å"The reality is that business and investment spending are the true leading indicators of the economy and the stock market. 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Is American Patriotism Also Blind Patriotism Essay

It seems that patriotism is one of the most common terms used during times of war. Governments often use propaganda about nationalism to advocate their political views of the hostilities. Sometimes they even force patriotism on their constituents with fear-mongering techniques, which can have dangerous implications. That’s not to say that patriotism is inherently bad—many wars have been won for just causes because of it. However, it is a mistake to only think of war at a national level. There are devastating effects on the soldiers, families, and victims of war hostilities. The stories read this week discuss the struggle between concern for macro-society (patriotism) and micro-society (family/personal interests) during war. While no†¦show more content†¦Their wives have different opinions, though. The first wife doesn’t believe there is a war; she even suspects that her husband is using it as an excuse to cheat on her. However, the second wife is truly w orried about her husband, calling him and checking on his safety quite frequently. Both women are concerned more with micro-society, yet in very different ways. The second wife is simply concerned about the well-being of her family, much like the mother from â€Å"Loyalties†. Her worries—although considered ridiculous by her husband—are certainly understandable and justified. The flaw of the perspective lies in the viewpoint of the first wife. She doesn’t understand the war and underestimates its potential for serious consequences. Even her husband acknowledges this, stating that â€Å"She didn’t believe we were at war† (147). This speaks to an issue that is quite prevalent in the United States. Like many Americans, the second wife can’t relate or understand the dangers of war because she hasn’t seen any of it firsthand; it has never been fought around her home. Therefore, by focusing on the micro-society and ignoring all sense of macro-society, she takes the war for granted without appreciating the actions of her husband. â€Å"An Easy Death† is another story which depicts the consequences of macro-society and patriotism. The soldier in the narrative has a great deal of success in life before going to war. He isShow MoreRelatedPatriotism in Spiderman Movies982 Words   |  4 Pages What is arguably the strongest emotion in many people is the feeling of patriotism. As George Bernard Shaw said, Patriotism is your conviction that this country is superior to all other countries because you were born in it. Though this feeling is not necessarily based on logic, it is none-the-less one of the most powerful feelings along with hatred and love. Depending on when a movie is made, the amount of patriotism portrayed is directly related to the political and social climate on theRead More Patriotism in Spiderman Movies Essay955 Words   |  4 Pagesotherwise. 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Wars, social norms, rights restrictions, expectations and peer pressure have gotten in the way of the values that many believed highlighted America. The saying, ‘history repeatsRead More Patriotism Essay561 Words   |  3 PagesTrade Center and the Pentagon have caused confusion on the topic of patriotism. The best way to start understanding patriotism is to simply define it. Patriotism is a person’s level of loyalty toward their country. Displays of true patriotism are prominent in times of despair, such as wars and terrorist attacks. However, many people have discrepancies on what displays of patriotism really are. Some people believe that showing patriotism can be accomplished by waving the flag and singing the nationalRead MoreSuper Sad True Love Story1410 Words   |  6 PagesSing America, are all story/poems that in some form or another address the theme of American exceptionalism and patriotism. 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To understand the role of patriotism in the modern day, it is helpful to discuss the following articles: On Patriotism, by George Kateb; In Defense of a Reasonable Patriotism, by William Galston; and American Patriotism is Unique, by Richard MorrisRead More Patriotism: Use with Caution Essay2153 Words   |  9 PagesPatriotism: Use with Caution Patriotism has a different face for everyone. Some follow it blindly, some reject and oppose it, some stand indifferent, and others choose to follow it cautiously. Patriotism is also now a challenge for multi-cultural societies because the back bone of social unity can no longer be merely similarities in ethnicity, culture, or religion. In this essay, I shall state the risks of following patriotism blindly and the risks involved in rejecting patriotism completelyRead MorePatriotism Vs Human Rights. Linking Patriotism And Human1022 Words   |  5 PagesPatriotism vs Human Rights Linking patriotism and human rights seems like an odd couple but it should go hand in hand. Patriotism is the love of a nation and human rights is the love of mankind. Bringing them together to show that, no matter your background, having a love for your country and of human beings should be treated the same. Finding a connection between the constitutional patriotism, that gives an understanding of both state and politics, and human rights is hard to connect to unpatrioticRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Unknown Citizen 1518 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Unknown Citizen† by W.H Auden and â€Å"next to of course god america i† by e.e. cumming are two poems that deal with similar issues. They both address the issue of dying soldiers and blame blind patriotism for the deaths of these soldiers. The theme of both poems deals with the need for citizens to become more outspoken and follow their own beliefs instead of simply following their country. However, each poem addre sses a topic that isn’t found in the other poem, and the poems themselves are structurallyRead MoreSummary : Indoctrinate Blind Patriotism 1151 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1: What is your interpretation of the statement on page six that includes, â€Å"†¦indoctrinate blind patriotism†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Answer 1: In Lies My Teacher Told Me, James W. Loewen asserts that American history texts are harmful to students because of nationalism and books that â€Å"†¦are often muddled by the conflicting desires to promote inquiry and to indoctrinate blind patriotism† (Loewen 6). Loewen argues that American history texts are failing to teach students the â€Å"the bad, and the ugly† truths along with the

The Crystal Shard 19. Grim Tidings Free Essays

Drizzt padded through the tunnels and past the bodies of the dead giants, slowing only to grab another hunk of mutton from the large table. He crossed through the support beams and started down the dim hallway, tempering his eagerness with common sense. If the giants had hidden their treasure down here, the chamber holding it might be behind a concealed door, or there might even be some beast, though not likely another giant, since it would have joined in the fighting. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crystal Shard 19. Grim Tidings or any similar topic only for you Order Now The tunnel was quite long, running straight northward, and Drizzt figured that he was now moving underneath the mass of Kelvin’s Cairn. He had passed the last torch, but he was glad for the darkness. He had lived the majority of his life traveling tunnels in the lightless subterranean world of his people, and his large eyes guided him in absolute darkness more accurately than in areas of light. The hallway ended abruptly at a barred, iron-bound door, its metal holding bar locked into place by a large chain and padlock. Drizzt felt a pang of guilt for leaving Wulfgar behind. The drow had two weaknesses; foremost was the thrill of battle, but a close second the tingle of uncovering the booty of his vanquished foes. It wasn’t the gold or gems that lured Drizzt; he didn’t care for wealth and rarely even kept any of the treasures he had won. It was simply the thrill of viewing them for the first time, the excitement of sifting through them and, perhaps, discovering some incredible artifact that had been lost to knowledge in ages past, or maybe the spellbook of an ancient and powerful mage. His guilt feelings flew away as he pulled a small lockpick from his beltpouch. He had never been formally trained in the thieving arts, but he was as agile and coordinated as any master burglar. With his sensitive fingers and acute hearing, he wasn’t particularly challenged by the clumsy lock; in a matter of seconds, it fell open. Drizzt listened carefully for any sounds behind the door. Hearing none, he gently lifted the large bar and set it aside. Listening one last time, he drew one of his scimitars, held his breath in anticipation, and pushed in the door. His breath came back out with a disappointed sigh. The room beyond glowed with the waning light of two torches. It was small and empty, except for a large, metal-rimmed mirror standing in its center. Drizzt dodged out of the mirror’s path, well aware of some of the strange magical properties these items had been known to exhibit, and moved in to examine it more closely. It was about half the height of a man but propped up to eye level by an intricately worked iron stand. That it was lined in silver and in such an out-of-the-way chamber led Drizzt to believe that there was something more here than an ordinary mirror. Yet his scrutinizing inspection revealed no arcane runes or markings of any kind that hinted at its properties. Able to discover nothing unusual about the piece, Drizzt carelessly stepped in front of the glass. Suddenly a pinkish mist began to swirl within the mirror, giving the appearance of a three-dimensional space trapped within the flatness of the glass. Drizzt jumped to the side, more curious than afraid, and watched the growing spectacle. The mist thickened and puffed as though fed by some hidden fire. Then its center mushroomed out and opened into a clear image of a man’s face, a gaunt, hollowed visage painted in the tradition of some of the southern cities. â€Å"Why do you bother me?† the face asked at the empty room before the mirror. Drizzt took another step to the side, further away from the apparition’s line of sight. He considered confronting the mysterious mage, but figured that his friends had too much at stake for him to take such a reckless chance. â€Å"Stand before me, Biggrin!† commanded the image. It waited for several seconds, sneering impatiently, and growing increasingly tense. â€Å"When I discover which of you idiots inadvertently summoned me, I shall turn you into a coney and put you in a pit of wolves!† the image screamed wildly. The mirror flashed suddenly and returned to normal. Drizzt scratched his chin and wondered if there was anything more he could do or discover here. He decided that the risks were simply too great at this time. * * * When Drizzt returned through the lair, he found Wulfgar sitting with Guenhwyvar in the main passage just a few yards from the closed and barred front doors. The barbarian stroked the cat’s muscled shoulders and neck. â€Å"I see that Guenhwyvar has won your friendship,† Drizzt said as he approached. Wulfgar smiled. â€Å"A fine ally,† he said, giving the animal a playful shake. â€Å"And a true warrior!† He started to rise but was thrown violently back to the floor. An explosion rocked the lair as a ballista bolt slammed into the heavy doors, splintering their wooden bar and blasting them in. One of the doors broke cleanly in half and the other’s top hinge tore away, leaving the door hanging awkwardly by its twisted bottom hinge. Drizzt drew his scimitar and stood protectively over Wulfgar as the barbarian tried to regain his balance. Abruptly a bearded fighter leaped onto the hanging door, a circular shield, its standard a mug of foaming ale, slung over one arm and a notched and bloodstained battle-ax poised in the other. â€Å"Come out and play, giants!† Bruenor called, banging his shield with his axe – as if his clan hadn’t already made enough noise to rouse the lair! â€Å"Rest easy, wild dwarf,† Drizzt laughed. â€Å"The verbeeg are all dead.† Bruenor spotted his friends and hopped down into the tunnel, soon followed by the rest of the rowdy clan. â€Å"All dead!† the dwarf cried. â€Å"Damn ye, elf, I knew ye’d keep all the play to yerself!† â€Å"What about the reinforcements?† Wulfgar asked. Bruenor chuckled wickedly. â€Å"Some faith, will ye, boy? They’re lumped in a common hole, though buryin’s too good for ’em, I say! Only one’s alive, a miserable orc who’ll breath only as long as ‘e wags ‘is stinkin’ tongue!† After the episode with the mirror, Drizzt was more than a little interested in interrogating the orc. â€Å"Have you questioned him?† he asked Bruenor. â€Å"Ah, he’s mum to now,† the dwarf replied. â€Å"But I’ve a few things should make ‘im squeal!† Drizzt knew better. Orcs were not loyal creatures, but under the enchantment of a mage, torturing techniques weren’t usually much good. They needed something to counteract the magic, and Drizzt had a notion of what might work. â€Å"Go for Regis,† he instructed Bruenor. â€Å"The halfling can make the orc tell us everything we want to know.† â€Å"Torturin’d be more fun,† lamented Bruenor, but he, too, understood the wisdom of the drow’s suggestion. He was more than a bit curious – and worried – about so many giants working together. And now with orcs beside them†¦ * * * Drizzt and Wulfgar sat in the far corner of the small chamber, as far from Bruenor and the other two dwarves as they could get. One of Bruenor’s troops had returned from Lonelywood with Regis that same night, and though they were all exhausted from marching and fighting, they were too anxious about the impending information to sleep. Regis and the captive orc had moved into the adjoining room for a private conversation as soon as the halfling had gotten the prisoner firmly under his control with his ruby pendant. Bruenor busied himself preparing a new recipe – giant-brain stew – boiling the wretched, foul-smelling ingredients right in a hollowed-out verbeeg skull. â€Å"Use yer heads!† he had argued in response to Drizzt and Wulfgar’s expressions of horror and disgust. â€Å"A barnyard goose tastes better ‘an a wild one cause it don’t use its muscles. The same oughta hold true for a giant’s brains!† Drizzt and Wulfgar hadn’t seen things quite the same way. They didn’t want to leave the area and miss anything that Regis might have to say, though, so they huddled in the farthest corner of the room, carrying on a private conversation. Bruenor strained to hear them, for they were talking of something that he had more than a passing interest in. â€Å"Half for the last one in the kitchen,† Wulfgar insisted, â€Å"and half for the cat.† â€Å"And you only get half for the one at the chasm,† Drizzt retorted. â€Å"Agreed,† said Wulfgar. â€Å"And we split the one in the hall and Biggrin down the middle?† Drizzt nodded. â€Å"Then with all halves and shared kills added up, it’s ten and one-half for me and ten and one-half for you.† â€Å"And four for the cat,† added Wulfgar. â€Å"Four for the cat,† Drizzt echoed. â€Å"Well fought, friend. You’ve held your own up to now, but I’ve a feeling that we have a lot more fighting before us, and my greater experience will win out in the end!† â€Å"You grow old, good elf,† Wulfgar teased, leaning back against the wall, the whiteness of a confident grin showing through his blond beard. â€Å"We shall see. We shall see.† Bruenor, too, was smiling, both at the good-natured competition between his friends and at his continued pride in the young barbarian. Wulfgar was doing well to keep pace with a skilled veteran like Drizzt Do’Urden. Regis emerged from the room, and the gray pall upon his usually jovial face deadened the lighthearted atmosphere. â€Å"We are in trouble,† the halfling said grimly. â€Å"Where’s the orc?† Bruenor demanded as he pulled his axe from his belt, misunderstanding the halfling’s meaning. â€Å"In there. He’s all right,† Regis replied. The orc had been happy to tell its new-found friend everything about Akar Kessell’s plans to invade Ten-Towns and the size of the gathering forces. Regis visibly trembled as he told his friends the news. â€Å"All of the orc and goblin tribes and verbeeg clans of this region of the Spine of the World are banding together under a sorcerer named Akar Kessell,† the halfling began. Drizzt and Wulfgar looked at each other, recognizing Kessell’s name. The barbarian had thought Akar Kessell to be a huge frost giant when the verbeeg had spoken of him, but Drizzt had suspected differently, especially after the incident at the mirror. â€Å"They plan to attack Ten-Towns,† Regis continued. â€Å"And even the barbarians, led by some mighty, one-eyed leader, have joined their ranks!† Wulfgar’s face reddened in anger and embarrassment. His people fighting beside orcs! He knew the leader that Regis spoke of, for Wulfgar was of the Tribe of the Elk and had even once carried the tribe’s standard as Heafstaag’s herald. Drizzt painfully recalled the one-eyed king, too. He put a comforting hand on Wulfgar’s shoulder. â€Å"Go to Bryn Shander,† the drow told Bruenor and Regis. â€Å"The people must prepare.† Regis winced at the futility. If the orc’s estimation of the assembling army had been correct, all of Ten-Towns joined together could not withstand the assault. The halfling dropped his head and mouthed silently, not wanting to alarm his friends any more than was necessary, â€Å"We have to leave!† * * * Though Bruenor and Regis were able to convince Cassius of the urgency and importance of their news, it took several days to round up the other spokesmen for council. It was the height of knucklehead season, late summer, and the last push was on to land a big catch for the final trading caravan to Luskan. The spokesmen of the nine fishing villages understood their responsibilities to their community, but they were reluctant to leave the lakes even for a single day. And so, with the exceptions of Cassius of Bryn Shander, Muldoon, the new spokesman from Lonelywood, who looked up to Regis as the hero of his town, Glensather of Easthaven, the community ever-willing to join in for the good of Ten-Towns, and Agorwal of Termalaine who held fierce loyalty to Bruenor, the mood of the council was not very receptive. Kemp, still bearing a grudge against Bruenor for the incident over Drizzt after the Battle of Bryn Shander, was especially disruptive. Before Cassius even had the opportunity to present the Formalities of Order, the gruff spokesman from Targos leaped up from his seat and slammed his fists down on the table. â€Å"Damn the formal readings and be on with it!† Kemp growled. â€Å"By what right do you order us in from the lakes, Cassius? Even as we sit around this table, the merchants in Luskan are preparing for their journey!† â€Å"We have news of an invasion, Spokesman Kemp,† Cassius answered calmly, understanding the fisherman’s anger. â€Å"I would not have summoned you, any of you, at this time of the season if it were not urgent.† â€Å"Then the rumors are true,† Kemp sneered. â€Å"An invasion, you say? Bah! I see beyond this sham of a council!† He turned on Agorwal. The fighting between Targos and Termalaine had escalated in the past few weeks, despite Cassius’s efforts to diffuse it and bring the principles of the warring towns to the bargaining table. Agorwal had agreed to a meeting, but Kemp was steadfastly against it. And so, with suspicions running high, the timing of this urgent council could not have been worse. â€Å"This is a pitiful attempt indeed!† Kemp roared. He looked around at his fellow spokesmen. â€Å"A pitiful effort by Agorwal and his scheming supporters to bring about a favorable settlement for Termalaine in their dispute with Targos!† Incited by the aura of suspicion that Kemp had infused, Schermont, the new spokesman from Caer-Konig, pointed an accusing finger at Jensin Brent of Caer-Dineval. â€Å"What part have you played in this treachery?† he spat at his bitter rival. Schermont had come into his position after the first spokesman from Caer-Konig had been killed on the waters of Lac Dinneshere in a battle with a Dineval boat. Dorim Lugar had been Schermont’s friend and leader, and the new spokesman’s policies toward hated Caer-Dineval were even more iron-handed than those of his predecessor. Regis and Bruenor sat back quietly in helpless dismay through all of the initial bickering. Finally Cassius slammed his gavel down, snapping its handle in two, and quieting the others long enough to make a point. â€Å"A few moments of silence!† he commanded. â€Å"Hold your venomous words and listen to the messenger of grim tidings!† The others fell back to their seats and remained silent, but Cassius feared that the damage had already been done. He turned the floor over to Regis. Honestly terrified by what he had learned from the captive orc, Regis passionately told of the battle his friends had won over the verbeeg lair and on the grass of Daledrop. â€Å"And Bruenor has captured one of the orcs that was escorting the giants,† he said emphatically. Some of the spokesmen sucked in their breath at the notion of such creatures banding together, but Kemp and some of the others, ever suspicious of the more immediate threats of their rivals, and already decided on the true purpose of the meeting, remained unconvinced. â€Å"The orc told us,† Regis continued grimly, â€Å"of the coming of a powerful wizard, Akar Kessell, and his vast host of goblins and giants! They mean to conquer Ten-Towns!† He thought that his dramatics would prove effective. But Kemp was outraged. â€Å"On the word of an orc, Cassius? You summoned us in from the lakes at this critical time on the threat of a stinking orc?† â€Å"The halfling’s tale is not an uncommon one,† Schermont added. â€Å"All of us have heard a captured goblin wag its tongue in any direction it could think of to save its worthless head.† â€Å"Or perhaps you had other motives,† Kemp hissed, again eyeing Agorwal. Cassius, though he truly believed the grim tidings, sat back in his chair and said nothing. With tensions on the lakes as high as they were, and the final trading fair of a particularly fruitless fishing season fast approaching, he had suspected that this would occur. He looked resignedly at Bruenor and Regis and shrugged as once again the council degenerated into a shouting match. Amidst the ensuing commotion, Regis slipped the ruby pendant out from under his waistcoat and nudged Bruenor. They looked at it and each other in disappointment; they had hoped that the magical gem wouldn’t be needed. Regis pounded his gavel in a call for the floor and was granted it by Cassius. Then, as he had done five years previous, he hopped up on the table and walked toward his chief antagonist. But this time the result wasn’t what Regis had expected. Kemp had spent many hours over the last five years reflecting on that council before the barbarian invasion. The spokesman was glad of the final outcome of that whole situation, and, in truth, realized that he and all of Ten-Towns were indebted to the halfling for making them heed his warning. Yet it bothered Kemp more than a little that his initial stance had been so easily swayed. He was a brawling type whose first love, even above fishing, was battle, but his mind was keen and always-alert to danger. He had observed Regis several times over the last few years and had listened intently to tales of the halfling’s prowess in the art of persuasion. As Regis approached, the burly spokesman averted his eyes. â€Å"Be gone trickster!† he growled, shoving his chair defensively back from the table. â€Å"You seem to have a strange way of convincing people of your point of view, but I’ll not fall under your spell this time!† He addressed the other spokesmen. â€Å"Ware the halfling! He has some magic about him, be sure!† Kemp understood that he would have no way of proving his claims, but he also realized that he wouldn’t have to. Regis looked about, flustered and unable to even answer the spokesman’s accusations. Even Agorwal, though the spokesman from Termalaine tactfully tried to hide the fact, would no longer look Regis straight in the eye. â€Å"Sit down, trickster!† Kemp taunted. â€Å"Your magic’s no good once we’re on to you!† Bruenor, silent up to now, suddenly leaped up, his face contorted with rage. â€Å"Is this, too, a trick, dog of Targos?† the dwarf challenged. He pulled a sack from his belt and rolled its contents, a severed verbeeg head, down the table toward Kemp. Several of the spokesmen jumped back in horror, but Kemp remained unshaken. â€Å"We have dealt with rogue giants many times before,† the spokesman replied coolly. â€Å"Rogues?† Bruenor echoed incredulously. â€Å"Two score o’ the beasts we cut down, orcs and ogres besides!† â€Å"A passing band,† Kemp explained evenly, stubbornly. â€Å"And all dead, so you have said. Why, then, does this become a matter for the council? If it is accolades you desire, mighty dwarf, then you shall have them!† His voice dripped with venom, and he watched Bruenor’s reddening face with deep pleasure. â€Å"Perhaps Cassius could make a speech in your honor before all of the people of Ten-Towns.† Bruenor slammed his fists onto the table, eyeing all of the men about him in an open threat to anyone who would continue Kemp’s insults. â€Å"We have come before ye to help ye save yer homes an’ yer kin!† he roared. â€Å"Might be that ye believe us and ye’ll do something to survive. Or might be that ye’ll hear the words o’ the dog o’ Targos and ye’ll do nothin’. Either way, I’ve had enough o’ ye! Do as ye will, and may yer gods show ye favor!† He turned and stalked out of the room. Bruenor’s grim tone brought many of the spokesmen to realize that the threat was simply too grave to be passed off as the deception of a desperate captive, or even as a more insidious plan by Cassius and some conspirators. Yet Kemp, proud and arrogant, and certain that Agorwal and his non-human friends, the halfling and the dwarf, were using the facade of an invasion to gain some advantage over the superior city of Targos, would not budge. Second only to Cassius in all of Ten-Towns, Kemp’s opinion carried great weight, especially to the people of Caer-Konig and Caer-Dineval, who, in light of Bryn Shander’s unshakable neutrality in their struggle, sought the favor of Targos. Enough spokesmen remained suspicious of their rivals and were willing to accept Kemp’s explanation to prevent Cassius from bringing the council to decisive action. The lines were soon clearly drawn. Regis watched the spectacle as the opposing sides volleyed back and forth, but the halfling’s own credibility had been destroyed, and he had no impact on the rest of the meeting. In the end, little was decided. The most that Agorwal, Glensather, and Muldoon could squeeze out of public declaration that, â€Å"A general warning should go out to every household in Ten-Towns. Let the people know of our grim tidings, and let them be assured that I shall make room within the walls of Bryn Shander for every person who so desires our protection.† Regis eyed the divided spokesmen. Without unity, the halfling wondered how much protection even the high walls of Bryn Shander could offer. How to cite The Crystal Shard 19. Grim Tidings, Essay examples

Cat in the rain analyses free essay sample

Cat in the rain analisis The story, which has been chosen for linguistic analysis, belongs to Ernest Hemingway, one of the most famous American novelists. The story tells us about a young american married couple,who came to Italy for vacation. As it was rainyoutside the couple had to stay in the hotel room for the whole day. The story is told in the 3rd person narrative. The text of the story is not homogenues. The description is interlaced with descriptive passages and dialogues of the personages. The author uses simple short narrative sentences to show the abrupt relations of the yong ouple. Hemingway doenst mention the vacation country where the couple stays, the reader realises it due to the dialogue of the american girl with service team of the hotel. Ha perduto qualque cosa, Signora? There was a cat, said the American girl. There is also no preface to the story,the reader doesnt know anything of the past life of the american couple. We will write a custom essay sample on Cat in the rain analyses or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The story starts with the description of the hotel. And it seems to be quite cosy but the picture of the rainy day hels the reader to realise that the conflict is growing step by step. The author also mentions the war monument hat ca nbe seen out of the hotel room window to show the after war time. The author makes extensive use of repetitions to render the story more vivid, convincing, more real and emotional. For example the use of the word rain with a number of phrases associating it, such as puddles, deserted square, glistening war monument. The author also applies repetition to reveal the relationship of the girl to the old hotel owner (she liked , she liked ). As the verb to like is not used to characterize relations of the wife to her husband, this contrast is full of the concealed but easily ead meaning. And also parallel constructions It was made of bronze and glistened in the rain. It was raining. The rain dripped from the palm trees. Water stood in pools on the gravel paths. The sea broke in a long line in the rain and slipped back down the beach to come up and break again in a long line in the rain. The motor cars were gone from the square by the war monument The use of the word empty,when the author shortly describes a street,makes feel even more lonely and unsetteling. The climax of the story begins when the american girl sees a cat in the rain. A small cat tries to hide from the rain under the table. The girl feels such a pity to the poor creature that she wants to take it to the room. The cat in the rain symbolizes the girl itself she is definetely unhappy with her marriage and her husband doesnt love her. She wants a different life to the one she has. And she is keeping repeating it to her husband l want to pull my hair back tight and smooth and make a big knot at the back that I can feel, she said. l want to have a kitty to sit on my lap and purr when I stroke her. And I want to eat at a table with my own silver and I ant candles. And I want it to be spring and I want to brush my hair out in front of a mirror and I want a kitty and I want some new clothes. But he is only irretated with her words and tells her to shut up,that shows how deeply indifferent he is to her feelings. The wife needs this comfort,home feeling and she gets desperate when she says that if she cannt have long hair and silver and candles but she st ill can have a window. Exactly like it is in her life she got married but got only a substitution of the real married couple life.

Winterbourne free essay sample

The local authorities such as South Gloucestershire council can only acknowledge the findings. The patients were put at risk by breaching their safety for not having properly trained staff. Not all of the alerts were passed onto the NHS which shows a lack of communication and vital information not being cascaded via the right route. This is clearly a total lack of respect for the patients and their relatives or friends. The place was unsafe and professionals failed to demonstrate their duty of care by promoting an unworkable management structure with poorly paid and untrained staff. Despite receiving public concerns and complaints from visitors or patients themselves, nothing was brought forward so that a disaster could be avoided. The report resulted after a parent secretly filmed images which proved how distressing the place was with all sorts of abuse being common practice. The effective and human delivery of assessment, treatment and rehabilitation had been completely undermined. We will write a custom essay sample on Winterbourne or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was clearly a total breakdown of communication including for the Police and C. Q. C. http://www. bc. co. uk/news/uk-18581253 In the wake of the Winterbourne View Hospital near Bristol, the Care Quality Commission found that 48% of inspected premises (hospitals amp; homes) did not meet the required general care and welfare standards. The report highlighted the fact that there is a failure to treat the residents as individuals and that people were staying for years in centres intended for short-term care. The use of restraint was also pointed at and an â€Å"urgent need† to reduce its use was requested. There is a case of a man called James who had severe learning disabilities and autism who had spent years in different homes. He suffered sexual and physical abuse which made him a â€Å"different human being† said his Mum. Therefore, as a result of those findings, the new commissioning bodies, the clinical commissioning groups, are asked to pay special attention to people with a learning disability. Also and to conclude, the private sector seems to be more at risks than the NHS.

or the supernatural in the medieval lay Essay Example

The role of fairies and/or the supernatural in the medieval lay Essay Example The role of fairies and/or the supernatural in the medieval lay Paper The role of fairies and/or the supernatural in the medieval lay Paper Essay Topic: Literature Medieval lays are essentially tales of romance, often of Celtic origin. Similar patterns of events, or certain features are common in many lays, for example the theme of deeply felt love or a complex love situation where two lovers are separated, go through a period of grief and are eventually reunited. This pattern of events can been compared to rites of passage, as will be discussed later. The mixture between reality and the otherworld is a key aspect of the medieval lays. The supernatural is not over-emphasised, instead it works alongside the reality of the lay, making it much more believable to the audience. Fairies and the supernatural play a particularly important role in Sir Orfeo, based on the classical Orpheus myth. Sir Orfeo enters the fairy-kingdom to rescue his wife Heurodis who has been snatched by the fairy king. Sir Orfeo is able to charm the fairy king with his harp-playing ability, and the fairy king agrees to let Heurodis go. Other lays containing elements of the supernatural include Lanval taken from the Lais of Marie De France, and the Franklins Tale from Chaucers Canterbury Tales. Lanval is lead into the otherworld by two beautiful maids to see their fairy-mistress. She gives him everything he desires, but makes him promise that he will never speak a word of their love to anyone, otherwise he will never see her again. On returning to his own world, Queen Guinevere makes a pass at him but he refuses, insults her in his anger, and talks of his love for the fairy-mistress. Despite this, she forgives him and rescues him from his trial before King Arthur and they return to Avalon. In the Franklins Tale, Dorigen marries Arveragus (a Knight), but then he has to leave to go to England. Dorigen is heart-broken and inconsolable. She attends a May dance, where Aurelius falls in love with her. She makes a rash promise that, should he be able to remove all the rocks from the coast (so that her husband can return safely), she would love him. The supernatural in this lay is when Aurelius meets an Astrologer, whom he pays to make an illusion that the rocks have disappeared. Aurelius goes back to Dorigen to claim his reward. However, her husband returns and Aurelius takes pity on Dorigen, releasing her from the oath she swore. Motifs and Celtic tradition relating to fairies and the supernatural Many of the medieval lays contain motifs relating to the supernatural. It is common, for example, for mortals to be snatched away by the fairies when lying in a meadow or under a tree particularly the ympe-tree described in Sir Orfeo. In Celtic tradition is it believed that those who lie or fall asleep under a tree or in a meadow place themselves in the power of the fairies. In Sir Orfeo, Heurodis first encounter with the fairy king occurs whilst she is asleep under an ympe-tree. The use of the orchard/meadow in the lays creates the impression of a walled-garden used so often in medieval romance, which should signify safety and serenity. The fairies, however, often appear in this environment sometimes through dreams (as is the case in Sir Orfeo where Heurodis is first visited by the fairy king in her dreams). This motif is also used in Lanval, where the fairy mistresss two maids approach him while he is laying by a stream in a meadow. Unlike Heurodis encounter, Lanval is approached whilst he is awake, which to some extent makes is less fantastical and more realistic to the audience. The maids appear to be much more like mortals. Other motifs relate to the idea of rite of passage, as discussed earlier. The transition stage is the most important in the lays, as it is the point in which the supernatural usually plays the most important role. It is apparent that the transition stage is often a period of immense grief and sorrow, and involves some kind of complication for the lovers involved. In Sir Orfeo, he comes across the fairy king on a hunt after being separated from Heurodis, and his quest to reclaim her from the fairy kingdom begins. Also, Lanval meets the fairy mistress when he has been separated from King Arthurs court. The three stages in the Franklins Tale are not as obvious because there are two possible elements of separation one of Dorigen from her husband, and one of Aurelius from Dorigen. The encounters with Aurelius and the supernatural could, however, be interpreted as an obstacle to Dorigens marriage an obstacle that they are able to overcome. The fact that the supernatural encounters generally occur during the most important stage shows a heavy reliance on the supernatural for the progression of events in the lays. This is characteristic of medieval lays and, to some extent, the way in which it is used distinguishes the lays from other medieval romance. Sir Orfeo is based entirely around Heurodis being snatched away by the fairy king. Similarly, Aurelius being able to fulfil his promise to Dorigen in the Franklins Tale is totally reliant upon supernatural intervention in the form of the astrologer. Portrayal of fairies, the otherworld and the supernatural in medieval lays It is common in Celtic tradition for mortals to be snatched away by fairies and taken into their kingdom. The image that Sir Orfeo sees when he enters the fairy kingdom is that of all those who have been snatched away, frozen in their last state as they were on Earth. Heurodis is shown to him asleep under a similar tree in the fairy kingdom to that she was snatched from in the mortal world. This not only stresses the significance of the orchard motif, but it also suggests that these surroundings provide some kind of gateway between the two worlds. It is no coincidence that the writer describes Heurodis sitting under similar trees in both worlds. If this environment does act as a gateway, it may be seen as a ray of hope for Sir Orfeo as there is a possibility of transporting Heurodis back. The similarity between the mortal world and the fairy world in Sir Orfeo is a striking feature of the lay. When Heurodis is snatched away an taken into the fairy kingdom, she is shown castels and tours, rivers, forestes, frith with flours (Johnson 1987:6) This same line is repeated to describe what Sir Orfeo has left behind in his kingdom when he goes to live alone in the woods. Again, it is not a coincidence that exactly the same line is repeated for both worlds. This makes the two worlds much more alike, reducing the strangeness of the fairy world. Here the poet is trying to create a world that is familiar to the audience. It is easier to accept the supernatural, as it is closer to reality. Similarly, in Lanval there is a strong sense of reality despite his love being immortal. Here, the supernatural elements of his fairy-mistress and being taken into the otherworld are balanced with the very real issue of Lanval facing a legal system and ultimately death because of his encounter. The supernatural is not for fun, it creates some element of danger for the mortals involved. Lanval and the Franklins tale are not supernatural in the same way as Sir Orfeo. The supernatural elements in the two are played-down, and much more believable to the medieval audience. In Lanval the fairy-mistress appears mortal until the very end of the lay where we are told she returns to Avalon the fairy kingdom. In the Franklins Tale, the supernatural is in the form of an astrologer/sorcerer. The fact that he is more closely related to natural magic is more believable, and shows that the supernatural plays a structural role rather than just making the lays more interesting. Other similarities can be seen in Sir Orfeo, where the hunt with the fairy king and his thousand Knights is reflected in the mortal world by Sir Orfeo and his ten hundred Knightes (Johnson 1987:7) when they try to protect Heurodis from being snatched away. The fact that one world seems to be a reflection of the other means that the presence of the supernatural within the lays does not detract from the main theme usually love. The similarities between the two worlds emphasise the theme of what a good ruler should be. The fairy king displays chivalrous behaviour similar to that of Sir Orfeo by keeping his word and letting Heurodis go back to the mortal world, despite the fact that he is under no obligation to do so. If the fairy king did not conform to these rules, Sir Orfeos method of rescuing Heurodis would not have been successful. The immortal also appear more humanly as they can, to some extent, be controlled or subtly manipulated by mortals. Sir Orfeo, for example, is able to charm the fairy king with his harp-playing ability into making him promise to let Heurodis go. This is also true in Lanval, where despite her promise that Lanval would never see her again if he spoke of their love, the fairy mistress remained loyal to him by rescuing him from King Arthurs court. Conclusion It is apparent from the three lays discussed that the structure of the lays relies heavily upon the supernatural, it is essential to the development of events rather than being added for decoration. In each of the lays it is presented in a way that makes it reflect the mortal world in values as well as appearance, particularly in Sir Orfeo. It also acts to highlight the rites of passage motif, as the supernatural encounters occur in the transitional stage. Finally, it acts to emphasise the values and lessons to be learned from the lays, such as the values needed to be a good leader as with the fairy king and Sir Orfeo; also the importance of being true and forgiving like Aurelius in the Franklins Tale and the fairy mistress in Lanval. Overall, the supernatural plays an essential structural role, but does not undermine the main themes of the lays instead it makes them clearer and for the audience to see.

Authentic learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Authentic learning - Essay Example In many cases authentic learning incorporates a multiplicity of styles that are basically meant to enhance the quality of the learning process (Herrington & Herrington, 2006). The learning environment in authentic learning stretches beyond the classroom to include other aspects of learning that may lie beyond the school compound to the wider community. The resources of the learning process are obtained both from the school and the community around where the authentic learning takes place (Herrington, Reeves & Oliver, 2010). The students often engage in social discourses in order to make it possible for the learning process to proceed in a manner that is both resourceful and meaningful within the understanding of knowledge development. Studies on the effectiveness of authentic learning have argued that it enhances the process of cognitive development more than the traditional learning systems. The learning process is distinguished through a hands-on approach. This approach allows the students to participate in the learning process in a manner that is consistent with the need to develop a learner-centered strategy. One characteristic of authentic learning system is that it allows students to develop products that are meant for the benefit of a real audience (Mishan, 2004). For example students in a history may make use of authentic learning by developing an oral product that narrates some details of the learning product. The importance of authentic learning revolves around the aspect of the development of the learning process. It might be argued that the process of cognitive development is largely controlled by a combination of different experiences. Authentic learning usually involves the processing of knowledge from factors that are determined by the society and other forces often included within the element of learning. It might be argued that learning in such situations often involves a combination of social, individual and academic factors. A concise underst anding of the authentic learning process must begin with an appreciation of some of the factors that relate to the aspect of social development. Precisely, theories that emphasize on the social dimension of the learning process have been used to develop structures on which authentic learning takes place. The curriculum that supports authentic learning must involve some specific structures and operational mechanics that foster the element of social interactions throughout the learning process (Magliaro, Lockee & Burton, 2005). This kind of learning is results-oriented and tailored on specific needs of the society. In usual cases learning takes place within an open environment that allows for flexible participation of students in group activities. The goal of authentic learning is to develop a body of knowledge and skills that is responsive to the actual needs of the society. It derives from the philosophy that knowledge must address the needs of the society. It is precisely because o f this factor that it departs from the tradition of abstract learning. Authentic Learning Experience Plan Brief guided interactive discussion on authentic learning and behaviorism theory of learning, (10 minutes). Questions to be administered (10 minutes) 1. Apart from chalk and the writing board,

Qualitative critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Qualitative critique - Essay Example It presents the whole research from the objectives of the research, through the whole process and presents a conclusion of study at the end. The highlights on the purposes of the study outline what the study is all about, and this is critical in the beginning of any research where the reasons for conducting the research should be presented to the readers before the main body to give the guidelines on what to expect. The outlines on the methods used and the results of the data collected give the reader insight on the whole process and all the techniques applied during the research operation. The conclusions in the abstract highlight the whole process operations, findings and recommendations. The abstract gives an overview of the whole research paper; from the introduction through to conclusion (Fong, Finlayson, & Peacock, 2006). The researchers, Michelle Ploughman and the clue are from the Eastern Health, faculty of medicine from the Memorial University. They work in coalition with the people who are disabled of St. John’s Newfoundland from the Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland. From the institutions they work with, it is clear that they are closely affiliated with the medical field. The institutions that these companies work with are well reputed in matters dealing with medicine and hence they can undertake the studies on patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. Also, the study was supported by personnel in the faculty of medicine, Memorial University. Also, the authors had the support of Center of the Applied Health Research in Canada and the healthcare foundation. This further indicates clearly that the researchers were qualified to undertake the study to warrant the support of the reputable departments from the faculty of medicine. This is an article in Physiotherapy journal, Canada, V ol 64, No 1 from page number 6 to 17 (Michelle, Mark, Michelle, Marshall, & Mark, 2012). The problem in this research has been stated clearly. It is stated

The Illusionist Movie Review Film Studies Essay

The Illusionist Movie Review Film Studies Essay The genre of the movie is drama. It has been one of the most famous films because of their excellent  presentation; good script, directing and clear enough to deliver the message to the audience. The Illusionist Film is produced by Brian Koppelman, David Levien, Michael London, Cathy Schulman,Bob Yari and screen writer/director is by Neil Burger and starring Edward Norton, Jessica Biel, and Paul Giamatti. That movie is based on Steven Millhausers short story called sEisenheim the Illusionist. The Illusionist movie is right balance to the romance and true piece of the magic. The story is basically about of Eisenheim who was a magician in turn-of-the-20th-century Vienna. First of all, I would like to tell about the Eisenhemins lifestyle and history. He was the son of a cabinetmaker in  Austria-Hungary. One day, he met a travel magician along street. That magician illustrated him some a few magic tricks. Since then Eisenhemin become obsessed with the magic tricks and started to practice to become better in it. At that time, some people believed that Eisenhemin got some special power. Eisenhemin and Sophie were childhood friends and when they grew older they fell in love but Sophes family did not approved of it. After that, Eisenhemin went out to his native town and traveled around the world and started to learn more magic tricks.  Ã‚  After 15 years later, Eisenhemin became a famous magician in Vienna. So Crown Prince Leopold came to see his illusionist. In that time, Eisenhemin wanted to show one of his best illusion tricks. So he requested that he needed one performance to help with his illusion. That is why, Crown Prince made his fiancà ©e Sophie volunteered for his performance. By the time, Eisenhemin and Sophie met on stage again; both were immediately remember their childhood days. However, The Illusionist is an intense battles of wills between the despicable Prince Leopold and the cunning Eisenheim, with officer Uhl an amateur magician himself and someone fascinated with Eisenheims work stuck in the middle. Is Eisenheim calling on supernatural powers when he makes butterflies appear out of thin air, plants grow to full height in the space of mere minutes, or performs other extraordinary tricks onstage, or is it all smoke and mirrors? Uhl seeks answers to the source of Eisenheims powers while delicately balancing his admiration for the magician with his duty to the Crown Prince. At a royal Eisenheim takes the princes sword, balances it on its tip on the floor, evokes the myth of Excalibur and invites soldiers in the audience to remove it. The prince succeeds, but only after Eisenheim lifts the spell. Eisenheim though about his new kind of magic show and he prepare for some equiment and purchases a run-down theater and opens a new performance. During his show, apparently spirits, on the stage. However people believe that he had supernature powers. In those days, Price Leopold heard that news, he was so disguise. During his show, he summons the spirit of Sophie who says someone in the theater murdered her, panicking Leopold. Later that Uhl has to shop that show and he just to do to make prince orders to rrest Eisenheim during his show but Uhl could not rest Esienheim because his body fades and disappears like his summoned spirits. So that why, Edward Norton was good performance as a master of illusionist and he is a calm reserve for the most part, yet is able to unleash playfulness when its called for specifically in the scenes when hes showing off his magical talents on stage and he also make tricks and rescuers for his lover Sophie and he is good treatment for Inspeter Uhl. It was so good presentation for scene by scene. As a conclusion, the Illusionist movie is really good performance, excellent Actor and Actress and nice screen play, good story board and so on. Other best way is that movie using a muted color is like a brown color and we just know about to wear 19th century old fashion style and we just know characteristic of in 19th century. The film was nice cinematography, costumes and overall tone helped modern audiences forget its 2006. The film is amazing job of transporting its view back in time to 1900 in Vienna. Moreover, the effects support for magic show and sound effect make it more interesting for the whole movie. All of all, the good thing is a 2 hrs script con ­verted from a short inter ­est ­ing story as well.

Gender Trait Chart Essay

Complete the chart by listing seven traits you believe are associated with male or female behavior. Examine the differences of these traits between genders. Identify whether the differences are biological, social, inherent, or learned. Explain why. Gender Trait What are the trait differences between genders?  Are the trait differences biological or social? Are the traits inherent or learned? Why? Nurturing Women are more nurturing than men re. They show signs of being more emotional and caring. inherent and learned it seems to be associated with genetics but also through the expectations of society- women are expected to be more nurturing and caring. Sympathetic Women are sympathetic then men are however some males have carry the same trait Learned and inherent women tend to be more sympathetic and nurturing which is mostly learned but can also be inherent. Dominant More of a male trait, being dominant tends to show the male is in charge. Inherent and learned this trait can be inherited but also learned men are obligated to be more â€Å"macho† and being dominant proves masculinity. Aggressiveness Male trait Inherent and learned men are suppose to be rough and show fearlessness in some sort of way, this is the perspective from society.

How Each Writer Makes You Feel Sympathy for the Main Characters

Both of the writers make me feel sympathy for the main characters because the main characters are both still in their youth and they both face the same fate – death. Although the characters are portrayed in very different situations, both writers show how powerless they are to avert their fate. By having an accident or tragedy in the pieces, the writers make the reader feel compassion because it is not the central characters fault. From saying that the boy was ‘a child at heart’ whilst ‘doing a man’s work’, Frost tells us directly how young the boy is and how he is not experienced enough to understand how important his hands are.He uses repetition of the word ‘child’ to emphasise how still is. In contrast, Andre and Jacob in The Last Night are only children; they are orphans and they only have each other to rely on. Faulks makes us feel even more sorry for the Jewish children because even a ‘baby of a few weeks is being lifte d’ onto the bus to go to the concentration camp. The writers make the reader feel sympathy for the main characters by making their background circumstances pitiable; although they are both young, their lives are very hard. The boy in the poem is only a teenager, but he is already working.In the poem, he is on his own working by himself and has to work for a very long day. Frost uses repetition of ‘snarled and rattled’ to emphasise how boring the boy’s job is. He has to concentrate and cannot enjoy the scenery; he is not one of those that had the time to lift their eyes to ‘count the five mountain ranges one behind the other under the sunset far into Vermont. ’ In contrast, the living conditions in the Last Night are very poor; the squalid conditions of the Jews that are waiting to be taken to the concentration camp makes the readers feel pity for them.While the children are waiting, they are only given a sandwich and a pail of water to share b etween them; they have to drink water out of sardine cans. The sleeping conditions are also very poor; the children have to sleep on dung. When Faulks talks about Andre ‘lying on the straw’ with the ‘soft bloom of his cheek laying, uncaring, in the dung’, the contrast of the words ‘soft bloom’ and ‘dung’ informs the reader of how dirty it is there. The characters in both texts have the same fate, but the writers portray their fate in different ways.In ‘Out, Out –’, the storyline happens a lot quicker and the poem includes the boy’s death. This makes the reader feel very shocked and sorry for the main character because everything can happen so quickly; life can be short and brutal. Frost makes the reader feel sympathy for the central characters by making the event seem threatening; he uses harsh onomatopoeic words. In ‘Out, Out –’, the buzz saw is presented as the boy’s enemy. Fr ost uses the word ‘snarled’ to compare the buzz saw with a fierce dog.The word ‘rattled’ makes the reader anxious because it makes the buzz saw seem like it is going to break soon. Frost uses repetition in his poem; by repeating ‘snarled and rattled’, the atmosphere grows tenser as the disastrous moment is approaching. He makes the accident seem terrible by including many details. The boy’s reaction after the incident happens is terror and fear about his hand. He shows the effect of injecting the wrong amount of ether in someone. The boy ‘puffed his lips out with his breath’ because the doctor ‘put him in the dark of ether. Frost even uses punctuation to explain the boy’s death; he uses dashes near the end of the poem to make it sound jerky: ‘they listened at his heart. Little–less–nothing! –and that ended it. ’ These pauses mimic his breathing because it is gradually slowing do wn as the words ‘little’, ‘less’ and then ‘nothing’ indicate. In The Last Night, the storyline is slower and less dramatic because the story ends with the Jews being loaded on the bus, while the poem ends with the boy’s death. By doing this, Faulks builds up anticipation of something dreadful that is going to happen.In this piece, we never find out exactly what happens to the Jews in the concentration camp, but we see them being loaded onto the buses. This makes it is easier for the reader to imagine what is going to happen to Andre and Jacob. In this story, the ‘homely thudding of a Parisian bus’ is the sound that threatens the Jews waiting to be taken to a concentration camp. This makes the reader feel pity for the Jews because they will never hear the ‘familiar sound’ of the engine’s noise again. Faulks includes many descriptions of what the Jews are doing; he makes it clear how it is going to be their last time.In the beginning of the story, when the Jews are writing their ‘final message’, we are told how they are writing with ‘sobbing passion’ and others with ‘punctilious care’ even though they know that the ‘camp orders forbid access to the post. ’ Even the description of Andre and Jacob huddling together lying on the straw makes the reader feel sorry for them. The sentence ‘Jacob’s limbs were intertwined with his for warmth’ shows how they both need each other. In both pieces, the central characters seem to be vulnerable and threatened by something they cannot control; they do not have ower over their fate. Neither of the characters is aware of their impending fate. In ‘Out, Out –’, the boy does not deserve to die; the buzz saw cuts the boy’s hand because he loses his concentration at the sound of his sister saying ‘Supper. ’ Even the people in both pieces wanting t o help are powerless: the doctor in ‘Out, Out –’ injects the wrong amount of ether in the boy, leaving him ‘in the dark of ether; the ‘shower of food’ that the women in The Last Night throw towards the Jews never reaches them.In The Last Night, the gendarmes drag the children to the bus; nothing will change even if they ‘dig in their heels and scream. ’ The writers make us feel sympathy by having different responses of the people around the central characters. In ‘Out, Out –’, when the boy accidentally cuts his hand and dies due to the excessive amount of ether, his fellow workers ‘turned to their affairs’, ‘since they were not the one dead. ’ They do not feel sympathy for the boy who has just died which makes the reader feel sorrier for the boy. In The Last Night, there are many women who are ‘wailing’ and mourning for the Jews.Even ‘a shower of food was thrown towar ds them’ to show how sorry they are because they cannot do anything to help the young children on-board. This makes the reader also feel sorry for the Jews. Even though the responses of the people in both texts are different, the reader still feels sorry in both occasions. In both texts, the writers create powerful dramatic irony by allowing the reader to understand what the central characters cannot foresee. The central characters created by the writers are innocent and do not deserve to die.When the boy in ‘Out, Out –’ accidentally cuts his hand with the buzz saw, at first he does not understand how serious his injury is: his ‘first outcry’ was a ‘rueful laugh’; he holds up his hand to keep his ‘life from spilling’ showing how much blood there is. In The Last Night, while the Jews are waiting to be taken to the concentration camp, the adults sit ‘slumped against the walls’. The children, on the other ha nd, have the ‘ability to fall asleep to dream of other places’ because they do not know where they are going to be taken since they are able to fall asleep without any worries.Later in the story, the adults ‘refuse to drink’ coffee because they know ‘it meant breakfast, and therefore departure’, while the children were at the ‘deepest moments of their sleep. ’ The writers make us feel sorry for the central characters because they both have feelings of fear and terror in them after understanding how serious the situations are. In ‘Out, Out –’, the boy’s fear when he is begging the doctor not to cut off his hand after he realises how important his hands are for work makes us feel sorry for him because he won’t be able to work.The Last Night shows Andre growing up through the story; it makes us feel sorry for him now that he has some understanding of what waits him. In the beginning, he does not reall y know what is happening, but when Andre sees a woman whose ‘eyes were fixed with terrible ferocity on a child,’ he starts wondering why. As he asks himself questions, he begins to understand why the woman was doing that and then he realises that the woman ‘was not looking in hatred, but †¦ she was looking to remember’ her child forever. This makes the reader feel very sorry for the parents who have to separate from their child.Later in the story, he ‘holds on hard to Jacob as they go up on the bus; this shows his own fear and realisation that they are probably going to die soon. Even though there are similarities in their background circumstances, the actual situation the central characters are in is different: one is ordinary and one is not. The situation of the boy in ‘Out, Out –’ is ordinary compared to Andre and Jacob’s situation because accidents at work are still quite common. One of the main differences is the s cale of the problem. Out, Out –’ presents a personal tragedy where the reader feels sympathy for just one person. On the other hand, The Last Night presents a whole group of people who are suffering. If you were poor, you would probably have to start working earlier because you would need more money. In the boy’s case, he has to start working at an earlier age, but because he loses his concentration for a moment, the buzz saw ‘leaps out at the boy’s hand. ’ The Last Night focuses on a historical event which is unparalleled in history – the Holocaust. The Jewish children cannot take any blame or responsibility for their fate.The story talks about what happens while they are waiting to be sent to a concentration camp in the 1940s; Faulks wants the reader to feel sympathy for a whole group. This shows how abnormal and unfair the situation is because many Jews were sent to concentration camps just for being Jewish. The characters’ b ackgrounds in both texts are very different compared to my situation; they have to go through a lot at such a young age. The way the characters are portrayed by the writer helps me understand their situation and empathise with them because there is a lot of descriptive detail.Overall, I felt more sympathy for Andre and his brother Jacob in The Last Night than the boy in ‘Out, Out –’ mainly because I can relate better to The Last Night because I know about the Second World War and what happened to the Jews. The poem includes the boy’s unexpected death, while the innocent and younger children in The Last Night do not even know where they are headed for; I find it more powerful that the reader is left to imagine what happens when the Jews reach the concentration camp and how Andre and Jacob copes.